Embryos Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis - 1121 Words

What PGD is: Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis is a procedure used before implantation to identify genetic defects within embryos. It is used to prevent certain genetic diseases or disorders from being passed on to the child by detecting irregularities in the number or structure of embryo chromosomes. The embryos used in the process are generally created through in vitro fertilisation and PGD is used with an IVF cycle to increase the potential for a successful pregnancy and delivery. PGD refers specifically to when one or both genetic parents have a known genetic abnormality. PGS refers to techniques where embryos from chromosomally normal genetic parents are screened for aneuploidy (Abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.) PGD and PGS†¦show more content†¦These cell’s genetic material which consists of DNA or chromosomes within these cells are then tested for genetic or chromosomal abnormality, the unaffected embryos are then transferred to the woman’s uter us to implant. The techniques used to test for these abnormalities include fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the newer approaches such as Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) and PCR. These techniques are constantly evolving to be more accurate and more informative. These techniques are used to test for genes that may produce specific diseases but can only check for diseases which have a genetic component. Why: The driving force behind the development of PGD was to determine the sex of the embryo, but the technology enabled doctors to determine possible genetic abnormalities, diseases and disorders. PGD is used mainly to treat parents that have genetic abnormalities, diseases and disorders or parents with higher risks of having these, but it is becoming commonly recommended for older women who due to their age are at a higher risk of giving birth to a baby with a genetic abnormality or disease. PGS sprung off the development of PGS and is now becoming commonly used by parents who would rather have their embryos tested for a genetic disease or disorder before implantation, as the other option ofShow MoreRelatedArgumentative +/- Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthat you re having trouble conceiving because of a genetic abnormality you never even knew you had. Your mind races and your heart sinks. How is this possible? You never thought you would have to deal w ith not being able to have a baby one day. There are several options you have to try and conceive without passing on the genetic abnormalityÂ… the doctor continues to explain, but the one I would recommend first is Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis. You and your wife finally decide on PGD, a typeRead MoreThe Benefits of Human Genetic Engineering Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesPre-implantation genetic diagnosis is a revolutionary procedure that utilizes in vitro fertilization to implant a healthy egg cell into the mother’s uterus after it is screened for mutations or other abnormalities. That way, only healthy eggs can develop to term and become beautiful, bouncing boys or girls. Designer babies have a bright future in the face of science because they are genetically engineered to be: disease free; viable donors for a sibling or parent; and with optional eliminationRead MoreVitro Fertilisation ( Ivf ) Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesfertilisation to take place outside the body. The resulting embryos are grown in the laboratory over 2 – 5 days before being transferred back into the woman’s uterus increasing the chance that a pregnancy will occur. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a screening test used to determine if genetic or chromosomal disorders are present in embryos produced through in vitro fertilization (IVF). Preimplantation genetic diagnosis screens embryos before they are transferred to the uterus so couples canRead MoreEssay On IVF Treatment1484 Words   |  6 Pagesoccur before PGD. Embryo development occurs on day 3 when a small hole is made in the soft shell of the embryo (Zona Pellucida) using a laser. On day 5, one or more cells are removed from each embryo (embryo biopsy). The embryos are then frozen and cells are sent to a PGD laboratory for analysis. The cells are tested from each embryo which informs them which embryos are normal. Normal embryos are thawed and transferred to the woman later. Demand Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is in high demandRead MoreGenetic Engineering The Perfect Child Essay example1024 Words   |  5 Pagesand technology, couples are now able to genetically modify embryos to create their ideal children. From gender, to eye color, hair color, height, body shape, and more, modern parents have the ability to leave little up to nature and take the designing of their child into their own hands. Whether it is ethical, or not, to engineer designer babies is a highly controversial topic with numerous pros and cons. Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is the contentious technology fertility specialistsRead MoreUsing Ivf ( Vitro Fertilisation )1503 Words   |  7 Pagesx PDG stands for Pre Implementation Genetic diagnosis it is a technique used to help examine and recognise a specific genetic defect within embryos created using IVF (In-Vitro Fertilisation). This technology is performed to prevent disorders or diseases being passed on to the child. The ultimate aim for couples attempting to use PGD is to produce an offspring free of chromosomal genetic defects. In New Zealand this technology is very limited and every application must be sought through and gain approvalRead MoreAn Immoral Injustice: Designer Babies702 Words   |  3 Pagesgene-enriched (Preface to Genetic Enhancement of Human Abilities n.p.). The gene-enriched refers to people with designer genes chosen by parents who have had the same done to them. This technology will first prevent birth defects and later diabetes and hea rt disease. As artificial genes develop to be common, the technology may be used to prevent drug and alcohol addictions, mental diseases, and eventually to create humans with synthetic characteristics (Preface to Genetic Enhancement of Human AbilitiesRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research1731 Words   |  7 Pagesstem cell research would cease to exist. Prior to what has become known as stem cell research, scientists began studying embryonic stem cells using mouse embryos in 1981, which makes stem cell research a fairly new topic of interest. It is through this research on mice that has given scientists the ability to collect stem cells in human embryos and further â€Å"grow the cells in [a] laboratory† (National Institutes of Health 2002). Although now possible, this research on human stem cells did not occurRead MorePGD Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is PGD? The demand for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) involves people that have genetic or chromosomal disorder, either personally or in their genetic makeup, who desire a healthy baby that doesn’t acquire the genetic or chromosomal disorder for example; Cystic Fibrosis and Huntington’s Disease. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis with assistants from IVF meets this demand. PGD is a reproductive option for those who do not want to pass on specific genetic disorders or chromosome imbalanceRead MorePlaying God in Medicine Continues to be Acceptable Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnose flawed DNA in pre-implantation embryos, empowering humans to create a stronger, healthier child. Scientists place a new/modified gene into a virus like organism that enters the cell and inserts the new gene. Genetic modification is utilized to correct defective genes that lead to disease or genetic disorders; in simple terms, manipulating human genes to provide a brighter genetic future for humanity. In the future we may also be able to cure genetic diseases in embryos by replacing faulty